ACA二级：河流皮艇基础（技术课程范本）中英文对照

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                                                Course Overview: The Essentials of River Kayaking course is a program emphasizingsafety, enjoyment and skill acquisition for entry-level through intermediateindividuals in public, private and commercial settings.
概述：本河流皮艇基础课程适合入门划艇人来学习来安全而且享受地在和缓的河流上划艇。


Essential Eligibility Criteria (EEC):
基本资格标准（EEC）：

ACA coursesare open to all individuals who acknowledge the ability to perform thefollowing essential eligibility criteria.
ACA的课程对所有具备以下基本资格条件的个人开放：


1.     Breatheindependently (i.e., not require medical devices to sustain breathing)
能自主呼吸（即不用医疗设备来保持呼吸）


2.     Independentlymaintain sealed airway passages while under water
在水下能自主地闭气


3.     Independentlyhold head upright without neck / head support
不用头颈支撑物能自主保持头部直立


4.     Managepersonal care independently or with assistance of a companion
生活能自理，或在同伴帮助下自理


5.     Managepersonal mobility independently or with a reasonable amount of assistance
能独立自主行动，或只需少许帮助能自主行动


6.     Followinstructions and effectively communicate independently or with assistance of acompanion
能听讲，且能自主沟通，或在同帮助下能沟通


7.     Independentlyturn from face-down to face-up and remain floating face up while wearing aproperly fitted life jacket*
在穿着合适救生衣的情况下能自主由脸朝下转向脸朝上并保持脸朝上浮起姿态*


8.     Getin / out of a paddlecraft independently or with a reasonable amount ofassistance*
能自主进出艇只，或只需要少许帮助*


9.     Independentlyget out and from under a capsized paddlecraft*
能自主从倾覆的艇只里出来*


10. Reenterthe paddlecraft following deep water capsize independently or with a reasonableamount of assistance*
深水区域翻艇后能自主重新进入，或只需少许帮助*


11. Maintaina safe body position while attempting skills, activities and rescues listed inthe appropriate Course Outline, and have the ability to recognize and identifyto others when such efforts would be unsafe given your personal situation*
在尝试适用课程大纲所列的技术，活动和救援时能保持安全的身体姿态，并且根据自身身体条件能判断出哪些尝试对自己不安全，并能向别人指出*


* Toparticipate in adaptive programs, participants must acknowledge only the firstsix EEC listed above. Entry-level adaptive programs will involve teaching andpracticing EEC #7-11.
*对于参加残障课程的人士，只需要满足上列前6项EEC。入门级别的残障课程会涉及EEC#7-11的教学和练习。


Course Prerequisites: None
课程前提条件：无


Instructors: ACA Level 2: Essentials of RiverKayak Instructor (or higher)
指导员：ACA二级：河流皮艇基础指导员（或更高级别）


Course Duration: 8 hours (Instructors may adjust thecourse at their discretion.)
培训时间：8小时（指导员可根据情况调整）


Course Location / Venue: Flat water and Rivers of no morethan Class I difficulty
课程地点/场地：平水或不超过一级的河流


Class Ratio: 5 students : 1 Instructor; with anadditional instructor or qualified assistant the ratio can be 10 : 2
班级比例：5学生：1指导员；多一个指导员或一个合格的助手，比例可以是10：2


Succeeding courses:
Level 3: RiverKayaking
Level 4:Whitewater Kayaking
Level 5:Advanced Whitewater Kayaking
后续课程：
3级：河流皮艇
4级：白水皮艇
5级：高级白水皮艇

Thefollowing is a general summary of course content for the Essentials River Kayaking course. The content covered and sequenceof instruction should be adjusted to best fit the participant’s needs, classlocation and time allowance.
以下是本河流皮艇基础课程内容的概要。涵盖的内容与教学的顺序应根据参与者的需求，上课的地点，和可利用的时间来调整。

Course Content
课程内容


Introduction, Expectations, &Logistics:
介绍，期望值，和后勤
·        Welcome,introductions, paperwork

欢迎，介绍，签署文件
·        Student& instructor course expectations and limitations
学员以及指导员的课程期望和限制条件
·        Courseitinerary & site logistics
课程安排和场地后勤
·        Reviewwaiver, assumption of risk, challenge by choice, medical disclosure
重温免责条款，宣示风险，可选的挑战性，医疗信息披露
·        Aboutthe ACA
ACA介绍
·        PFDpolicy (always wear on water)
救生衣政策（水上一直穿着救生衣）
·        Appropriatepersonal behavior
恰当的个人行为

o  Noalcohol / substance abuse

禁止酗酒和吸毒

o  Properetiquette on & off the water

水上和水下适宜的礼节

o  Respectprivate property

尊重私人领地

o  PracticeLeave No Trace ethics

实行“不留痕迹”伦理

The Paddling Environment:
划艇环境：
·        Wind
风
·        Waves
浪
·        Weather
天气
·        Water
水

Personal Preparation:
个人准备：
·        Personalability
个人能力
·        Swimmingability
游泳能力
·        Watercomfort & confidence
水上舒适和自信
·        Fitness,conditioning, and warm up
身体素质，训练，和热身
·        Safepaddle and boat handling
安全的桨和艇只处理
·        Safetyand rescue considerations
安全和救援考虑
·        Personalequipment (reviewed by Instructor)
个人装备（由指导员检查）
·        Judgment.In addition to learning hard skills, the importance of developing personaljudgment and group responsibility increases on more difficult paddling venues.
判断。除了学习硬技术，发展个人判断能力的重要性和在难度更大的场所中团体责任增加。


Getting Started:
开始：
·        Warm-upand stretching
热身和拉伸
·        Howto pick up a kayak safely
怎样安全地招起一条艇
·        Cartopping: loading and unloading, racks, straps
车顶放车：装车和卸车，车顶架，紧固绳
·        Launchingand landing
出发和靠岸

·        Boarding,three points of contact, weight kept low, etc

登艇，三点接触，降低重心等等

·        Posture,safety, comfort, effectiveness, rocking, balance

身体姿势，安全，舒适，有效，前后摇动，平衡

·        Waterconfidence and comfort
水上自信和舒适

·        Wetexits

湿脱逃

·        Howto empty a kayak
怎么控干艇
·        BasicTerminology
基本术语
·        Typesof strokes: power, turning
桨法的种类：前进，拐弯
·        Strokecomponents: catch, propulsion, recovery, control and correction
桨法的组成部分：抓水，发力，复位，控制和修正
·        Safeand effective body usage
安全有效的身体使用


Equipment
装备
·        Lifejackets(PFD): types, fit
救生衣：类型，调整
·        Kayak:types, materials, parts (including safety features such as flotation)
皮艇：种类，材料，部件（包括安全特性，比如浮力）
·        Paddle:types, materials, parts, length, blade size & shape, hand position
桨：种类，材料，部件，长度，桨叶尺寸和形状，手的位置
·        Sprayskirts: types & material, grab loop!
挡水裙：种类和材料，抓手拉环
·        Careof equipment
装备保管
·        PersonalEquipment: water, food, shoes, sunscreen, bug spray, sun glasses, eyeglassstraps, protective clothing for heat or cold, sponge, bailer/pump, whistle,knife, light
个人装备：水，食物，鞋，防晒霜，防蚊喷剂，墨镜，眼镜绳，防晒和防寒衣服，海绵，舀水筒/抽水泵，口哨，刀，灯
·        Optionalequipment and outfitting
可选装备和配件

River Reading
读河
·        Currentspeed, direction and changes caused by streambed features
水流速度，方向及其随河床特性改变产生的变化


Safety & Rescue：
安全与救援：
·        Exercisingjudgment, safety as a state of mind.
练习判断，安全当作一种心态
·        Principlesof Rescue
救援的原则

o  Priorities:first people, then boats,finally other gear

优先级别：首先是人，然后是艇，最后是别的装备

o  Responsibilitiesof Victim

被救者的责任

o  Responsibilitiesof Rescuers

施救者的责任

o  Responsibilitiesof the group

团队的责任

·        Typesof Rescue
救援的种类

o  Self-Rescue

水中自救

o  Boat-AssistedRescue, towing or bulldozing a tired swimmer, towing or bulldozing a capsizedboat

利用艇的救援，拖或推一个疲劳的游泳者，拖或推一条倾覆的艇

o  ShorelineRescue - Extension Rescues, use of throw ropes/bags

岸基救援– 扩展救援，绳包的使用

Maneuvers
机动

·        J-lean/ Heeling the boat

“J”形倾身/倾斜艇只

·        Paddlingin a reasonably straight line

大致沿直线划行

·        Spins

水平转

·        Stopping

停止

·        Ferries

摆渡

·        EddyTurns

洄水拐弯

·        PeelOuts

进主流

·        MovingAbeam

横向移动

Strokes
桨法

·        Forward

前进桨

·        Back(stopping)

倒退桨（停止）

·        Draw

拉桨

·        Scullingdraw

摇拉桨

·        Sweep(includingStern Draw)

扫桨（包括艇尾拉桨）

·        ReverseSweep

后扫桨

·        Rudder

舵桨

·        Lowand High Brace

高位和低位支撑

Rescues:
救援：

·        SelfRescue

自我救援

·        Swimmingin current

流水中游泳

·        BoatEmptying

控干艇

·        AssistedRescue

有助救援

·        Fromshore

岸基

·        Extension

扩展

·        Rescueropes

救援绳

·        Fromboat

艇基

·        Bulldozing

推

·        Towing

拖

Conclusion & Wrap Up:
结论和结语：

·        Groupdebrief / Individual feedback

团队汇报 / 个人反馈

·        Courselimitations

课程限制

·        Importanceof First Aid & CPR

急救和CPR的重要性

·        Importanceof additional instruction, practice, experience

额外的指导，练习，经验的重要性

·        Importanceof appropriate level of safety & rescue training

合适的安全和救援训练的重要性

·        Demoadvanced maneuvers

演示高级机动

·        Lifesport / Paddling options

生活运动/划艇的选择

·        Localpaddling groups / Clubs

当地的划船团体/俱乐部

·        Handouts/ Reference materials

分发资料 / 参考资料

·        ACAMembership forms

ACA会员表

·        Courseevaluation

课程考评

·        Participationcards

参加卡